线程池之ThreadPoolExecutor

ThreadPoolExecutor提供了四个构造方法:

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
    }

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             threadFactory, defaultHandler);
    }

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), handler);
    }

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

参数说明：

序号	名称	类型	含义
1	corePoolSize	int	核心线程池大小
2	maximumPoolSize	int	最大线程池大小
3	keepAliveTime	long	线程最大空闲时间
4	unit	TimeUnit	时间单位
5	workQueue	BlockingQueue	线程等待队列
6	threadFactory	ThreadFactory	线程创建工厂
7	handler	RejectedExecutionHandler	拒绝策略

线程池的构建

一、预定义线程池

FixedThreadPool

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
    }

corePoolSize与maximumPoolSize相等，即其线程全为核心线程，是一个固定大小的线程池，是其优势；

keepAliveTime = 0 该参数默认对核心线程无效，而FixedThreadPool全部为核心线程；

workQueue 为LinkedBlockingQueue（无界阻塞队列），队列最大值为Integer.MAX_VALUE。如果任务提交速度持续大余任务处理速度，会造成队列大量阻塞。因为队列很大，很有可能在拒绝策略前，内存溢出。是其劣势；

FixedThreadPool的任务执行是无序的；

适用场景：可用于Web服务瞬时削峰，但需注意长时间持续高峰情况造成的队列阻塞。

CachedThreadPool

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
    }

corePoolSize = 0，maximumPoolSize = Integer.MAX_VALUE，即线程数量几乎无限制；

keepAliveTime = 60s，线程空闲60s后自动结束。

workQueue 为 SynchronousQueue 同步队列，这个队列类似于一个接力棒，入队出队必须同时传递，因为CachedThreadPool线程创建无限制，不会有队列等待，所以使用SynchronousQueue；

适用场景：快速处理大量耗时较短的任务，如Netty的NIO接受请求时，可使用CachedThreadPool。

SingleThreadExecutor

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
    }

咋一瞅，不就是newFixedThreadPool(1)吗？定眼一看，这里多了一层FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService包装，这一层有什么用呢，写个dome来解释一下：

public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService fixedExecutorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) fixedExecutorService;
        System.out.println(threadPoolExecutor.getMaximumPoolSize());
        threadPoolExecutor.setCorePoolSize(8);
      
        ExecutorService singleExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
//      运行时异常 java.lang.ClassCastException
//      ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor2 = (ThreadPoolExecutor) singleExecutorService;
    }

对比可以看出，FixedThreadPool可以向下转型为ThreadPoolExecutor，并对其线程池进行配置，而SingleThreadExecutor被包装后，无法成功向下转型。因此，SingleThreadExecutor被定以后，无法修改，做到了真正的Single。

ScheduledThreadPool

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public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
    }

newScheduledThreadPool调用的是ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor的构造方法，而ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor继承了ThreadPoolExecutor，构造是还是调用了其父类的构造方法。

public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
        super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
              new DelayedWorkQueue());
    }

对于ScheduledThreadPool本文不做描述，其特性请关注后续篇章。

二、自定义线程池

以下是自定义线程池，使用了有界队列，自定义ThreadFactory和拒绝策略的demo：

public class ThreadTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
        int corePoolSize = 2;
        int maximumPoolSize = 4;
        long keepAliveTime = 10;
        TimeUnit unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS;
        BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2);
        ThreadFactory threadFactory = new NameTreadFactory();
        RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new MyIgnorePolicy();
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit,
                workQueue, threadFactory, handler);
        executor.prestartAllCoreThreads(); // 预启动所有核心线程
      
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            MyTask task = new MyTask(String.valueOf(i));
            executor.execute(task);
        }

        System.in.read(); //阻塞主线程
    }

    static class NameTreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {

        private final AtomicInteger mThreadNum = new AtomicInteger(1);

        @Override
        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            Thread t = new Thread(r, "my-thread-" + mThreadNum.getAndIncrement());
            System.out.println(t.getName() + " has been created");
            return t;
        }
    }

    public static class MyIgnorePolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {

        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            doLog(r, e);
        }

        private void doLog(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            // 可做日志记录等
            System.err.println( r.toString() + " rejected");
//          System.out.println("completedTaskCount: " + e.getCompletedTaskCount());
        }
    }

    static class MyTask implements Runnable {
        private String name;

        public MyTask(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(this.toString() + " is running!");
                Thread.sleep(3000); //让任务执行慢点
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "MyTask [name=" + name + "]";
        }
    }
}